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Grammar · B2 Upper-Intermediate

Les pronoms relatifs

B2 · Upper-Intermediate · 6 examples

How to choose between qui, que, dont, and où when connecting clauses.

The rule

Relative pronouns connect two clauses by referring back to a noun already mentioned, avoiding repetition. The choice of pronoun depends on its grammatical role in the second clause, not on gender.

Qui replaces the subject of the relative clause: L'homme qui parle est mon voisin. Que replaces the direct object: Le livre que je lis est passionnant. Dont replaces a noun introduced by "de": Le film dont je parle est excellent. Où replaces a place or time: La ville où j'habite est petite.

Examples

  • J'ai un ami qui habite à Rome.
    I have a friend who lives in Rome.
  • Le livre que tu m'as prêté est génial.
    The book you lent me is great.
  • C'est le sujet dont nous avons discuté.
    It's the topic we discussed.
  • Voici la maison où je suis né.
    Here's the house where I was born.
  • Les gens qui travaillent ici sont sympathiques.
    The people who work here are nice.
  • C'est un projet dont je suis fier.
    It's a project I'm proud of.

Common mistakes

  • L'homme que parle est mon voisin.
    L'homme qui parle est mon voisin.

    "Qui" is used when the noun is the subject of the relative clause — "que" is only for direct objects.

  • Le livre qui je lis.
    Le livre que je lis.

    Here "livre" is the object being read, so it needs "que", not "qui".

  • Le film que je parle.
    Le film dont je parle.

    "Parler de" takes "de", so the relative pronoun must be "dont", not "que".

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