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French Grammar Lessons

Clear grammar rules for every CEFR level, from A1 beginner to C2 proficient. Every lesson pairs the rule with example sentences and the common mistakes learners make.

• All
• A1
• A2
• B1
• B2
• C1
• C2

• A1 6 examples
  Le verbe être The essential irregular verb être ("to be") — used for identity, nationality, and feelings. Start lesson
• A2 6 examples
  Le passé composé The most common way to talk about completed past actions in spoken French. Start lesson
• B1 6 examples
  L'imparfait The past tense for habits, descriptions, and ongoing background actions. Start lesson
• B2 6 examples
  Le subjonctif présent The mood for doubt, desire, emotion, and necessity — and the expressions that trigger it. Start lesson
• C1 6 examples
  Le subjonctif passé et les nuances modales Expressing doubt or emotion about a completed action, and subtle modal nuances in advanced French. Start lesson
• C2 6 examples
  Le passé simple et le style littéraire The literary past tense used in novels and formal narrative — essential for reading, rare in speech. Start lesson
• A1 6 examples
  Le verbe avoir The essential irregular verb avoir ("to have") — used for possession, age, and many set expressions. Start lesson
• A2 6 examples
  Les adjectifs possessifs Why French possessives agree with the noun they describe, not with the owner. Start lesson
• B1 6 examples
  Les pronoms compléments Direct and indirect object pronouns, and why they go before the verb in French. Start lesson
• B2 6 examples
  Le conditionnel How to express hypothetical situations and polite requests with the conditional. Start lesson
• C1 6 examples
  La concordance des temps How the tense of a subordinate clause shifts depending on the main clause, especially in reported speech. Start lesson
• C2 6 examples
  L'inversion du sujet et les tournures soutenues Formal subject-verb inversion after adverbs like peut-être, sans doute, and aussi — a mark of elevated register. Start lesson
• A1 6 examples
  Les articles définis et indéfinis How to choose between le/la/les and un/une/des based on a noun's gender and number. Start lesson
• A2 6 examples
  La négation How to build negative sentences with ne...pas and related expressions. Start lesson
• B1 6 examples
  Le comparatif et le superlatif How to compare things in French, including the irregular meilleur. Start lesson
• B2 6 examples
  Les pronoms relatifs How to choose between qui, que, dont, and où when connecting clauses. Start lesson
• C1 6 examples
  Les propositions participiales et le gérondif The gérondif (en + present participle) and participial clauses, common in formal written French. Start lesson
• C2 6 examples
  Les subtilités du subjonctif dans le discours soutenu Advanced subjunctive triggers in formal French, plus the literary imperfect and pluperfect subjunctive. Start lesson

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