Grammar · C1 Advanced

La concordance des temps

C1 · Advanced · 6 examples

How the tense of a subordinate clause shifts depending on the main clause, especially in reported speech.

The rule

Sequence of tenses (concordance des temps) governs how the tense of a subordinate clause shifts depending on the tense of the main verb, especially in reported speech and hypothetical structures.

When the main verb is in the past, a present-tense statement being reported shifts to the imparfait: Il dit qu'il est fatigué → Il a dit qu'il était fatigué. A future statement shifts to the conditional: Il dit qu'il viendra → Il a dit qu'il viendrait.

This matters most in indirect/reported speech and complex si-clause structures (si + plus-que-parfait, ... conditionnel passé for past hypotheticals).

Examples

Common mistakes

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