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C2 French Reading — Proficient

Highly sophisticated, essay-style texts on memory, technology, and art — academic register, abstract ideas, and demanding vocabulary.

Lessons

• Lesson 1 6 min read
  La mémoire collective et la construction de l'identité nationale An essay-style text on how nations construct memory — and why that construction isn't necessarily dishonest. Start lesson
• Lesson 2 6 min read
  Les paradoxes du progrès technologique Three paradoxes of the digital age — on time, autonomy, and identity — examined without falling into either technophobia or blind enthusiasm. Start lesson
• Lesson 3 6 min read
  L'art contemporain : miroir ou fuite du réel ? Is contemporary art a critical mirror held up to society, or an escape from it? An essay-style exploration of the debate. Start lesson
• Lesson 4 6 min read
  La liberté d'expression : un droit sans limites ? Why free speech has never been conceived as absolute, and how digital platforms complicate its regulation. Start lesson
• Lesson 5 6 min read
  Le langage façonne-t-il la pensée ? The century-old debate over whether language determines thought — from strong determinism to modern linguistic relativism. Start lesson
• Lesson 6 6 min read
  La postmodernité et la crise des grands récits Lyotard's famous definition of postmodernity as "incredulity toward metanarratives" — and the paradox critics find in it. Start lesson
• Lesson 7 6 min read
  L'éthique de l'intelligence artificielle générative Three unresolved ethical questions raised by generative AI — truth, intellectual property, and moral responsibility. Start lesson
• Lesson 8 6 min read
  Le paradoxe de la démocratie représentative Why the gap between voters' will and representatives' decisions is a structural feature, not a flaw, of representative democracy. Start lesson
• Lesson 9 6 min read
  La désobéissance civile : un droit démocratique ? Rawls's conditions for legitimate civil disobedience, and why accepting punishment is what separates it from insurrection. Start lesson
• Lesson 10 6 min read
  Le rapport de l'homme à la nature à l'ère de l'anthropocène How the concept of the Anthropocene challenges the Cartesian split between humans and nature — and what alternatives are emerging. Start lesson

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